Gates of Jalalabad city in circa 1880

The four gates of Jalalabad city were : 

1- Kabul Gate 

2- Peshawar Gate 

3- Jati Gate 

4- Fil Khana Gate

 

The Kabul Gate in the city wall of Jalalabad, 1879. Photo by John Burke. Source: Imperial War Museum.

Peshawar Gate of Jalalabad, Afghanistan, 1879. Source

Jati Gate, Jalalabad, 1879. Source

Fil Khana Gate, Jalalabad, 1879. Source

Source

Pashtun tribesmen, Afghanistan, 1879 (c)

 

An Afghan mill at Gandamak, Afghanistan, 1879

An Afghan mill at Gandamak, Afghanistan, 1879. Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 8 November 1879. Artist: William 'Crimea' Simpson. Source

Conflict of Afghan cavalry with the cavalry of British-Indian army, 1879, Second Anglo-Afghan War

Conflict of Afghan cavalry with the cavalry of British-Indian army, 1879. Second Anglo-Afghan War. 

Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 7 June 1879. Artist: Richard Caton Woodville junior. Source

The ceremony of passing camels beneath the Quran, Jumrud, Afghanistan, 1879

"Camels passing beneath the Koran at Jamrood, Afghanistan", 1879. From "Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine".

Caption: "This sketch depicts a curious ceremony gone through every Thursday evening, the Mussulman's Saturday night, by the camel-drivers of the camp at Jumrood. When the camels come back from grazing they are driven under the Koran, which is folded in a turban, and held up suspended between two lances. This is supposed to protect them from sickness and other evils. The drivers are most particular in seeing that no camel strays or otherwise avoids passing under the book." 

Koran = Quran 

Jamrood = Jamrud of Khyber district of KPK 

Thursday's evening = Shab-i-juma "شب جمعہ"

A weaver at Jalalabad, Afghanistan, 1879

A Weaver at Jellalabad, Afghanistan, 1879. From "The Illustrated London News", 17 May 1879. Artist: Frank Dadd.  Source

Mangal tribesmen (Pashtun) attacking the baggage train of British invading army near Kuroh, Second Anglo-Afghan war, 1879

Mangal tribesmen (Pashtun) attacking the baggage train of British invading army near Kuroh, Second Anglo-Afghan war, 1879. 

From "London Illustrated News". 

Source: https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/Richard-Caton-Woodville-junior/259398/The-Afghan-War,-Attack-on-a-Baggage-Train-near-Koruh,-by-Marauders-of-the-Mangal-Tribe-.html

Writing out the Treaty of Gandamak, 1879

Writing out the Treaty of Gandamak, 1879. Second Anglo-Afghan War. 

 Artist: William Simpson. Source

In the first phase of Second Anglo-Afghan war, Afghans could not successfully resist the British aggression and Yaqub Khan , the new Afghan King , was forced to sign the infamous Treaty of Gandamak. Under the treaty (signed on 26 May 1879), the Afghan Amir, Muhammad Yaqub Khan surrendered various frontier areas to the British raj, including, Quetta, Sibi, Pishin, Harnai, Kurram and Khyber. Abdur Rahman , who was placed on the throne by the British after Yaqub was deposed , reaffirmed the treaty of Gandamak. In 1919, Amir Amanullah Khan ended the Treaty of Gandamak which had given the British control of Afghan foreign policy at the end of the Second Afghan War (1878-80).

Pashtun mountaineers attacking convoy of British invaders, 1879, Second Anglo-Afghan War

 

Pashtun mountaineers attacking convoy of British invaders, 1879, Second Anglo-Afghan War. 

From the Illustrated London News, 20th December 1879. 

Artist: Frank Dadd 

A Pashtun cutting through helmet of a British officer during Battle of Fatehabad, April 1879, Second Anglo-Afghan War

A Pashtun cutting through helmet of a British officer, Battle of Fatehabad, April 1879, Second Anglo-Afghan War. 

Artist: William Heysham Overend. 

Source: https://www.meisterdrucke.uk/fine-art-prints/William-Heysham-Overend/187528/The-Afghan-War,-an-Incident-in-the-Battle-of-Futtehabad,-2-April-.html

The Afghan war : a moonlight council of war, 1879

"The Afghan war : a moonlight council of war". From "The Pictorial World. An Illustrated Weekly Newspaper", November 15, 1879.

Ghilzai tribe

Attack on a British convoy by Ghilzais , 2nd Anglo-Afghan War. From "The Pictorial world", October 4, 1879.

Paintings by General Walter Fane depicting Pashtuns

Two Pashtun tribesmen with 19th century long barrel percussion guns, and with two women with pots on their heads and dressed in black, in the background, 1879 (c). Inscribed verso "The North West Frontier, India". Watercolour painting by General Walter Fane.

Two armed Pashtuns on the North west Frontier, 1879. One horseman with henna beard, turban, spear and round shield with three bolts, on a white horse with woven saddle with red and blue tassles, the horse being led by a soldier with his back to the viewer, with a musket over his shoulder, set against a mountainous sunset with low clouds, signed and dated lower left W. Fane 1879. An oil on canvas by General Walter Fane (1828-1885).

A Pashtun malik, or headman, Muhammad Khan, circa 1860. Water colour by Captain W.Fane.

Portrait of Dost Muhammad Khan Barakzai, dated 1857. Painting by Major-General Walter Fane. Fane came into direct contact with the Amir Dost Muhammad Khan in 1857 when the British forged a partnership and declared war against Persia. He was given the opportunity to paint Dost Muhammad Khan from life. Source

Kurram fort

Interior of Kurram fort, 1878. Photograph by Bourne and Shepherd. Source

The Kurram fort, 1879. Source: Farrukh Husain

Kurram fort, 1875. Pencil drawing by Frederick Charles Maisey. Inscribed: 'Koorum Fort, looking West... Paiwar Range and Seeka Ram peak in distance, 10/12/75'. Source

View of Spin Ghar from Fort at Parachinar, Kurram, 1922.

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Sayyids of Kunar

Sayyids of Kunar

For centuries, the long and narrow valley of Kunar, with Pashat as its main town, had been ruled by a Pashtunized Sayyid family of Arab descent. They were descendants of Sayyid Ali Tirmizi, popularly referred to as Pir Baba by Pashtuns. He had accompanied Zahir al-Din Babur from Tirmiz. His shrine in Pacha Killay (meaning “the village of the king” in Pashto) in Buner is venerated to this day.

Emperor Humayun, the son and successor of Babur, granted him Kunar free of revenue. His descendants in Kunar collected revenue at the rate of one-third of agricultural production, and in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries their annual income fluctuated between sixty and eighty thousand rupees. [1]

Kunar remained more or less independent until the early nineteenth century. Muhammadzai interference began in the 1820s, taking the form of annexation of regions near Jalalabad (Shewa), occasional plundering raids against the Sayyids, and intervention in rivalries within the ruling family. Nevertheless, the Sayyids continued to control their core possessions until the 1880s. During Amir Sher ‘Ali Khan’s reign, the ruling Sayyid received an allowance and acted as a middleman for the Amir in dealings with the more remote regions of Bajaur and Dir. [2]

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Sayyid Mahmood, the “Badshah” of Kunar, 1879.

Syed Mahmud, 1879.

Sayyid Mahmud with Major Cavagnari.

Arrival of Sayyid Mahmood, Khan of Kunar, at Jalalabad, 14 January 1879. (Source)

References

1. A Political and Diplomatic History of Afghanistan, 1863–1901, M. Hasan Kakar, p. 69
2. State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan, Christine Noelle, p. 205

Shinwari tribe

Shinwaraey was the son of Kasi. It is not known when they got separated from the parent tribe. Notwithstanding, their genetic link with the Kasis, they are known as an independent tribe. In sixteenth century , they along with the Ghoria Khels moved eastwards and ousted the Gigyanis, Tarklanris, and Muhammadzai from Ningarhar. In Afghanistan where the major portion of the tribe presently resides , they occupy the northern slopes of the Spin Ghar from Landi Kotal westward.

Azad Khan, a Shinwari Malik, 1878. A sketch by William Simpson

Pozai Khan, A Shinwari Musician, 1879

Major Cavagnari arranging with the Shinwaris for the protection of the road from Dakka to Lundi Khana , Second Anglo-Afghan War. Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 25 January 1879

Inhabitants of Khyber : Shinwari , Afridi and Orakzai, 1827-1843. By Imam Bakhsh Lahori.

Group of Shinwaris of the Khyber, 1897