Mosque and tomb of Bibi Zarrina (the mother of Sikandar Lodi)

Mosque and tomb of Bibi Zarrina (the mother of Sikandar Lodi) at Dholpur (Rajasthan state, India). 

Her honorific Zarrina means golden since she was daughter of a goldsmith. She was renowned for her beauty. According to the Persian inscription on her tomb, she died in 1516 AD. For more details see this article by Mehrdad Shokoohy and Natalie H. Shokoohy. The following photos are taken from their article.

Mosque and tomb of Bibi Zarrina, southern facade

Tomb of Bibi Zarrina, interior

Tomb and mosque of Bibi Zarrina, view looking south-west

Mosque of Bibi Zarrina, view from west

Mosque of Bibi Zarrina, view from the courtyard looking west

Mosque of Bibi Zarrina, the prayer hall

Tomb of Bibi Zarrina, view from the courtyard looking east

Photographic copy of a paper impression of the inscription on Bibi Zarrina's tomb, taken by Joseph David Beglar in 1875. British Library. Link

Baoli in Bayana (Rajasthan, India), built by Khan-i-Khanan Farmuli (Pashtun)

Baoli in Bayana (Rajasthan, India). According to the bilingual inscription on the site, recorded both in Persian and Sanskrit, the baoli was built in 1497 AD by Khan-i-Khanan Farmuli (Pashtun), who was Sultan Sikandar Lodi's governor of Bayana. 

The bilingual inscription on the site is recorded both in Persian and in Sanskrit, indicating the regard of Pashtun rulers of Bayana for the Hindu population. Mehrdad Shokoohy believes that the Baoli was likely constructed to provide water exclusively for Hindus. 

The Farmulis constituted a significant portion of the nobility of the Lodi Empire in the 15th and 16th centuries. According to the Makhzan-i-Afghani, half of the Lodi Empire under Sikandar Lodi was held in jagir by the Farmulis/Parmulis. In Afghanistan, they are found in Urgun (Paktika).

A detailed note on the Farmuli tribe is here

Source

Malot fort in India, a 15th century fort built by a Pashtun

Ruins of Malot fort on hill top (Hoshiarpur district, Indian Punjab). Source

Malot fort was founded in the reign of Sultan Bahlul Lodi by Tatar Khan Yousaf Khel Lodi. [1].

Ghazi Khan Lodi, son of Daulat Khan Lodi (Sikandar and Ibrahim Lodi's governor of Punjab) possessed a library of valuable books at Malot fort, which Babur handed over to Hamayun and Kamran after capturing the fort. [2]

During the reign of Sher Shah Sur, Hamid Khan Kakar was in charge of the fort of Malot. [3]


References

1- "The History of India", by Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Vol-4, p-415
2- Memoirs of Zehir-Ed-Din Muhammed Baber, translation partly by the Late John Leyden, partly by William Erskine, published in 1826, p-298
3- "The History of India", by Sir Henry Miers Elliot, Vol-4, p-415

Khwaja Khizr Khan Sarwani

Mausoleum of Khwaja Khizr Sarwani (Sonipat, Haryana, India)

Mausoleum of Khwaja Khizr Sarwani (Sonipat, Haryana, India)

Khwaja Khizr Khan Sarwani was a Pashtun of saintly reputation who was governor of Sonipat (Haryana state, India) during the during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526 AD). He is buried in Sonipat in a magnificent Mausoleum which was constructed during the reign of Sultan Ibahrim Lodi. According to a Persian inscription on the site, Khwaja Khizr Khan was the son of Darya Khan Sarwani. The latter himself was an influential noble in the court of Sikandar Lodi. Work commenced on the tomb in 1522 and was completed by 1524. It was built on the orders of Langar Khan Khizr who was most probably his relative. The inscriptions read as follow:

"The portico of the tomb of Khwaja Khizr Khan, son of Darya Khan Sarwani – may God have mercy upon both! – was erected on Monday, 15th Shawwal, 928, in the reign of Just and liberal King, who relies on the assistance of the Merciful, Abul Muzaffar Ibrahim Shah, son of Sikandar Shah, son of Bahlul, the King. May God continue his kingdom and reign! "

"With the help of God, who is blessed and exalted, and by his grace, the building of this tomb of the great and noble saint, Miyan Khwaja Khizr Khan, the deceased, the pardoned, son of Darya Khan, son of the Shaikh of Shaikhs Shaikh Ahmad, son of the king of Shaikhs Shaikh Manduki Darwesh Sarwani – may God have mercy upon them,  – muqta (governor) of the town of Sonipat, was completed in the time of the kings of kings, the confirmer of the laws of Islam and the faith, the shadow of the God in both worlds, who trusts to the aid of the Merciful, Abdul Muzaffar Ibrahim Shah, son of Sikandar Shah, son of Bahlul Shah, the King  – may God perpetuate his kingdom and rule – by order of Langar Khan Khizr, on the 15th Rajab – may the honour of this month increase, A.H. 930."

Sarwani is an extinct tribe of Pashtuns who are said to be descendants of Sarwanaey, a son of Shah Hussain Ghori by his second wife Bibi Mahi who was daughter of a servant of Shaikh Batan. Descendants of Sarwanaey were brought up by Bibi Mato and are also grouped under the general name of Mati tribes.

Pashtun princesses: The daughters of Sultan Bahlol Lodi

Three Pashtun princesses, the daughters of Bahlol Lodi and sisters of Sikandar Lodi, about whom meagre information was obtained from inscriptions and other records.

Princess Aisha Bibi

Princess Aisha Bibi is mentioned in a Persian-Sanskrit bilingual inscription carved on a slab of black marble which was discovered at Mubarakpur Kotla in Delhi. It is dated to 14 March, 1517 A.D. The Persian inscriptions mentions her as the murid or disciple of Shaikh Sikandar Sherani, indicating that the latter was a religious or sufic personage. Shaikh Sikandar Sherani and his wife Murad Khatun (daughter of Dilwar Khan Sarwani) built a well at the desire of Princess Aisha.

The Persian inscription reads as follows (translation):

"The foundation of this structure of a well was laid in the prosperous reign of the victorious king..... soldier in the Path of God, Sikandar Shah, son of Bahlol Shah, the Sultan, let God make his reign prosperous ! This....(has been built by) Shaikh Sikandar, son of Shaikh Bayazid, son of Shaikh Yahya Sherani, and Bibi Murad Khatun, daughter of Dilawar Khan Sarwani, wife of the said Shaikh (Sikandar) , at the instance and under the advice of Bibi Aisha, daughter of Sultan Bahlol, the disciple of Shaikh Sikandar, 20 Safar 923."

The accompanying Sanskrit inscription has an additional line which reads as follows (translation):

"So as long as the sun and moon exist, may she (Princess Aisha) be happy along with her brother and offspring of the brother (nephews)! 

Princess Subhan Bibi

Princess Subhan Bibi was the daughter of Bahlol Lodi and sister of Sikandar Lodi. Her tomb is located in the agricultural fields north-east of the Dera Mir Miran village in the Mahendragarh district of Indian Punjab. It is a protected monument under Archaeological Survey of India and is also a sacred place for the locals, as they offer chadar and light candles on the graves. The Persian inscription on the eastern façade of the tomb reads as:

"Passed away (from this world) princess Subhan, daughter of Bahlul Shah Sultan on 11th of month Safar, Friday, year 901 (Hijri) and the construction of this mausoleum (took place) in the reign of the king of the world Sikandar Shah Sultan, may his kingdom last forever! (in the year) 902 (Hijri)."

According to the Gregorian calendar, the date of her demise would be 31 October 1495 AD. 

The inner chamber consists of two graves. One is of Bibi Subhan and another of unknown person. The tomb looks very similar to the Sheesh Gumbad located in the Lodi Gardens of Delhi and the use of bricks in the construction of the tombs are same in both structures (tomb of Bibi Subhan and Sheesh Gumbad). The dome is covered with wild grass, the finial is missing. There are four cupolas on the four corners. At the southern entrance of the tomb there is a big peepal tree standing and in front of it is a cow stable used by the locals. 

An unnamed daughter of Bahlol Lodi

An unnamed daughter of Bahlol Lodi is said to have been married to a Pashtun saint named Shaikh Sadruddin Sarwani (the ancestors of the rulers of Malerkotla state) who was a fresh arrival from Daraban (in Dera Ismail Khan district of KPK), as per the family records of the Afghans of Malerkotla. There are no contemporary records of this marriage.

References

1- 'The Pathan tombs of Sarhind', Islamic Culture, Vol.XIII, No.3, July-1939
2-  "Sirhind: A Monumental Example Of Oblivion" by Syed Yusuf Shahab.
3- "Sanskrit Inscriptions of Delhi sultanate, 1191 to 1526" by Pushpa Prasad
4-"A description of the Principal Kotla Afghans" (published in 1882), by Inayat Ali Khan